TOXICITY AND TERATOGENIC ACTIVITIES OF CHOLECALCIFEROL OVERDOSAGE IN WHITE ALBINO MICE

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TOXICITY AND TERATOGENIC ACTIVITIES OF CHOLECALCIFEROL OVERDOSAGE IN WHITE ALBINO MICE

The potential of cholecalciferol overdosage to induce toxicity and teratogenicity in white albino mice was evaluated in the present study. Cholecalciferol was given at dose levels of 600, 1200 and 1800i. units/kg at two phases. Thefirst phase lasted for 3 weeks of mice’s gestation period. Control animals received equivalent volume of normal saline. Animals were evaluated for the number of litters per delivery, average weight of the litters, average length of
the litters, serum alka line phosphatase, cholesterol, calcium, phosphate, feed and fluid consumption.
There was significant (P< 0.05) reduction in the average weight of the litters and the average length of the litters of the treated groups compared to the control. No signific ant (P> 0.05) reduction in the number of litters per delivery in the group treated with 600units of cholecalciferol compared to the control. However, there was significant (P< 0.05) reduction in the number of litters per delivery of the animals treated with 1200 and 1800 units of cholecalciferol compared to the control. Significant (P< 0.05) increase in the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, calcium and phosphate were observed in the treated groups compared to the control group. There was s
ignificant (P< 0.05) reduction in food consumption in the treated groups compared to the control. Significant
 (P< 0.05) reduction in fluid consumption was observed in the animals treated with 600 and 1200 units of cholecalciferol compared with the control. The major histopathological changes observed were severe degeneration and necrosis of the hepatocytes in the mice given high doses of 1800units of cholecalciferol. The areas of hepatic degenerations in the mice given medium doses of 1200units of cholecalciferol were less. No change on the low and control groups. There were accumulations of lymphocytes at the alveoli of mice treated with high doses of 1800units of cholecalciferol. Sections of the kidneys of mice treated with high doses of 1800units of cholecalciferol showed accumulation of lymphocytes as well. There were complete desquamations and ulcerations of the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach of mice given high doses of 1800units cholecalciferol but partial desquamation and ulceration of the mucosa and submucosa of those treated with 1200units. The results are indicative of toxicity
and teratogenicity of cholcalciferol overdosage. Therefore cholecalciferiol and its supplements should not be given to pregnant women especially during first and second trimeste
BY EZEMA EVARISTUS CHINONYE  DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA.